PCB components

Electronic components are components of electronic components and small machines and instruments. It itself often composed of several parts and can use in similar products. It is often us to refer to certain parts of an electrical appliance, radio, instrument, etc industry. And capacitors, transistors, spring, spring and other electronic devices. Common are diodes and so on.

In terms of the quality of electronic components, there are CE certification in the European Union, UL certification in the United States, VDE and TUV certification in Germany and CQC certification in China and other domestic and foreign certifications to ensure the quality of components.

1.Electronic components Development history

Electronic components History

The history of electronic components is actually a condensed history of electronic development. Electronic technology is a new technology from the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. The twentieth century has witnessed the most rapid development and the most extensive application. It has become an important symbol of the development of modern science and technology.

Four stages

American inventor De Forest Lee invented the triode (electron tube) in 1906. The first generation of electronic products centered on the electron tube. The world’s first semiconductor triode was born in the late 1940s, it is small, light, power saving, long life and so on. It quickly adopted in various countries, replacing the electron tube in a large area. In the late fifties, the world’s first integrated circuit appeared. It integrates many transistors and other electronic components onto a silicon chip, making electronic products smaller.

Integrated circuit has developed rapidly from small scale integrated circuit to large scale integrated circuit and very large scale integrated circuit. So that electronic products towards high efficiency, low energy consumption, high precision, high stability, intelligent direction of development. Because, the four stages of electronic computer development can fully explain the characteristics of the four stages of electronic technology development. So the following from the development of the computer four times to explain the four stages of the development of electronic technology characteristics.

In the 20th century, the electronic components industry emerged and developed rapidly, making the whole world and people’s work and living habits have undergone earth-shaking changes. The development history of electronic components is actually the development history of electronic industry.

Industry

Electronic components have gradually entered the transistor era and the era of large-scale and ultra-large scale integrated circuits from the vacuum tube era.In 1906, the American Deforest invented the triode vacuum, which used to amplify the sound current of the telephone. After that, there was a strong expectation that a solid-state device could be born. Used as light, cheap and long – life amplifiers and electronic switches. In 1947, the birth of point-contact germanium transistor opened a new page in the history of electronic devices. However, the point contact transistor has the Achilles heel of unstable contact point in construction. The junction transistor theory had proposed at the same time as the point-contact transistor developed, but it was not until people could prepare ultra-high purity single crystals and control the conduction type of the crystal that the junction crystal tube really appeared. In 1950, the earliest germanium alloy transistor with useful value was born. In 1954, the junction silicon transistor was born.

Since then, people have proposed the idea of the field effect transistor. With the emergence and development of material technology such as defect-free crystallization and defect control, extraprystal growth technology and diffusion doping technology, preparation technology of pressure-resistant oxide film, corrosion and lithography technology. Various electronic devices with excellent performance have appeared one after another, and . Gradually forming as a representative of the high-tech industry semiconductor industry.

Development

Due to the need of social development, electronic devices become more and more complex. This requires electronic devices must have reliability, fast speed, small power consumption and light weight, miniaturization, low cost characteristics. Since the idea of integrated circuit put forward in the 1950s, due to the progress of material technology, device technology and circuit design. The first generation of integrated circuits developed in the 1960s. In the history of semiconductor development. The appearance of integrated circuit has epoch-making significance: its birth and development promote the progress of communication technology and computer. It brought about historic changes in all fields of scientific research and in the structure of industrial society.

By virtue of superior science and technology, the invention of integrated circuits has enabled researchers to have more advanced tools, resulting in many more advanced technologies. These advanced technologies have further led to the emergence of higher performance and cheaper integrated circuits. For electronic devices, the smaller the volume, the higher the integration; The shorter the response time, the faster the computational processing will be. The higher the frequency, the more information you can send. The semiconductor industry and semiconductor technology known as the foundation of modern industry, but also has developed as a relatively independent high-tech industry.

2.Electronic components Basic classification

Folded electron classification

Components: Products that do not change the molecular composition of raw materials during processing can called components.

Components are devices that do not require energy. It includes: resistance, capacitance, inductance. (also known as Passive Components)

Components divided into:

1. circuit components: diodes, resistors, etc.

2.Connecting components: connectors, sockets, connecting cables, printed circuit boards (PCB), etc.

Devices: the factory changes the molecular structure of the raw material in the production and processing of products called devices.

Devices are divided into:

1, active device, its main characteristics are :(1) its own consumption of electric energy, (2) the need for external power supply.

2, discrete devices, divided into (1) bipolar transistor transistor, (2) field effect transistor, (3) thyristor, (4) semiconductor resistance, capacitance.

1).Folding resistance

Resistance is indicated in a circuit by “R” plus a number, e.g. R1 indicates a resistance numbered 1. The main functions of resistance in the circuit are: shunt, current limiting, voltage division, bias and so on.

2).Folding capacitance

A capacitor is usually represented in a circuit by a “C” plus a number (e.g., C13 for a capacitor numbered 13). A capacitor is a component consisting of two metal films close together and separated by insulating materials. The characteristic of the capacitor is mainly to separate the direct current alternating current.

The capacity of the capacitor represents the size of the storage of electric energy. The obstruction effect of the capacitor on the AC signal is called the capacitive reactance, which is related to the frequency and capacitance of the AC signal.

3).Folding inductance

Inductors are not used much in electronics, but they are equally important in circuits. We think that inductors, like capacitors, are also energy storage components. It converts electrical energy into magnetic energy and stores energy in the magnetic field. The inductor is represented by the symbol L, and its basic unit is Henry (H). It often works with capacitors to form LC filters, LC oscillators, etc. In addition, people also make use of the characteristics of inductance, choke coil, transformer, relay and so on.

4).Folded crystal diode

Crystal diode in the circuit is often “D” plus a number, such as :D5 indicates the number of the diode 5.

Function: the main characteristic of the diode is one-way conductivity, that is, under the action of the forward voltage, the on-resistance is very small; Under the action of reverse voltage, the on-resistance is maximum or infinite.

Because the diode has the above characteristics, cordless telephone often used in the rectifier, isolation, voltage regulation, polarity protection, code control, frequency modulation and noise and other circuits.

5).Folding combination circuit

Integrated circuit is a kind of special process, the transistor, resistance, capacitance and other components integrated on the silicon substrate and formed with a certain function of the device, English abbreviation IC, also known as chip.

Analog integrated circuit refers to the analog integrated circuit which integrated by resistors, capacitors, transistors and other components to process analog signals. There are many analog integrated circuits, such as integrated operational amplifiers, comparators, logarithmic and exponential amplifiers, analog multipliers (division), phase-locked loops, power management chips, etc. The main components of the analog integrated circuit are: amplifier, filter, feedback circuit, reference source circuit, switching capacitor circuit, etc. Analog IC design is mainly through experienced designers to carry out manual circuit debugging, simulation and obtained, and the corresponding digital IC design is mostly through the use of hardware description language under the control of EDA software automatic synthesis.